Mapping analysis of application of nursing interventions classification in pediatric cardiology nursing docu-mentation / 中华护理杂志

Objective To analyze the feasibility of nursing interventions classification in pediatric cardiology,and to provide references for standardizing nursing terms and promoting its clinical application in the future. Methods We collected nursing records in department of cardiology in a pediatric hospital from September 1st,2016,to November 31st,2016,and used mapping method to find out the conceptual congruence between nursing interventions classification (NIC-6th) and nursing records. We analyzed characteristics of standardized nursing interventions using dimensions of time and difficulty. Results Totally 71 nursing interventions were mapped from 4191 independent nursing statements,which involved 7 domains. Of the 4191 statements,3046 (95.33%) were labelled as "perfect fit",142 (4.44%) as "partial fit",and 7 (0.23%) as "not fit at all". The average difficulty of nursing interventions was 1.77 and the average time was 2.11. Conclusion Nursing interventions classification can describe daily nurs-ing activities in pediatric cardiology and can be used as standard nursing language in China. The extracted nursing interventions demonstrate certain specificity of specialty nursing,but still have defects. The results of this study can be used for analysis of staff performance.

Study on HPLC-eLSD fingerprint of total steroid saponins in herbs of Dioscorea zingiberensis / 中国中药杂志

To establish a HPLC-ELSD fingerprint for total steroid saponins in herbs of Dioscorea zingiberensis. Welchrom C,8 (4. 6 mm x 250 mm,5 microm) chromatographic column was adopted and eluted with the mobile phase of acetonitrile (A)-water (B) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL min-1. The column temperature was room temperature. The ELSD conditions were as follows: the temperature of drift tube was 90.0 degreeC, the flow rate of carrier gas (N2) was 2. 8 L min-1, and the injection volume was 10 microL. After the detection of 10 batches of samples,the common mode of HPLC-ELSD fingerprint for total steroid saponins in herbs of D. zingiberensis was established for the first time,and 25 common peaks were determined. Among them, 10 peaks were identified by comparing with reference substances. The similarities of 10 batches of herbs were evaluated in the common mode. All of them were higher than 0. 80. This method is so accurate, reliable and highly repeatable that it can provide scientific basis for evaluating and controlling the quality of total steroid saponins in herbs of D. zingiberensis.

Quantitative analysis of two major secoiridoid glucosides in fruits of Ligustrum lucidum / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop an HPLC method for determination of two major secoiridoid glucosides (nuezhenoside and G13) from Fructus Ligustri Lucidi. and determinae nuezhenoside and G13 in samples from different acquisition times and different places.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The sample was separated on a YMG-C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 10 microm) column. The mobile phase was acetonitrile-water, gradient elution (CH3CN: 0 min, 20%; 15 min, 25%) with the flow rate of 1 mL x min(-1), the detection wavelength was 240 nm, and the column temperature was set at 25 degrees C.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>In HPLC analysis ,the linear ranges of nuezhenoside and G13 were 0.341-34.1 microg and 0.331-33.1 microg, respectively; their average recoveries were 97.5% (RSD 1.35%) and 98.1% (RSD 1.82%), respectively. The results of content determination (nuezhenoside and G13) of samples from different places varied greatly. This may be caused by different species sources and different preparation methods, etc. The experiment led up to the fact that from the beginning to the middle of November the content of nuezhenoside and G13 reached the maximum.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The established method can be used to determine two major secoiridoid glucosides (nuezhenoside and G13) in Fructus Ligustri Lucidi simultaneously. Meanwhile it can be used for the quality control of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi.</p>

Progress in regulatory T cells research / 浙江大学学报·医学版

Regulatory T cells (Treg) are functionally mature T cell subpopulations which are key players of maintaining the balance of immunological defense system. Treg can proliferate in vivo or in vitro by antigen specific way or non-antigen specific way, and actively control the properties of other immune cells by suppressing their functional activity and their proliferation as well.

Studies on the chemical constituents in root of Gentiana macrophylla from Shaanxi / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To in vestigate the constituents in root of Gentiana macrophylla.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Various column chromatographic techniques were used for isolation and purification of the principles. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data (UV, IR, MS, 1H-, 13C-NMR etc.) and identified by comparing with standard substance.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Eight compounds were identified. Four compounds isolated from the chloroform fraction are: 5-carboxyl-3,4-dihydrogen-1H-2-benzopyran-1-one (1), erythrocentauric acid (2), roburic acid (3), oleanolic acid (4). Water fraction gave four known secoiridoid glucosides. They were: gentiopicroside (5), swertiamarine (6), sweroside (7), 6'-O-beta-D-glucosylgentiopicroside (8).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>1 is a novel compound. It was named as erythrocentauric acid. 2 was isolated from genus Gentiana and 8 was isolated from G. macrophylla for the first time.</p>

The effects of mycophenolic acid on the maturation and immunologic function of murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is a newly developed immunosuppressor, widely used in allogeneic bone marrow transplant. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of mycophenolic acid (MPA), the active metabolite of MMF in vivo, on the maturation and immunologic function of murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DC), and to explore the underlying mechanisms of MMF in graft versus host disease. Cultured DC were treated with MPA at doses of 0.01 and 0.1 micro mol/L. The immunophenotype of DC in control and treated groups was analyzed by flow cytometry. The capability of antigen presentation and the stimulatory activity of the DC on allogeneic T cells were tested by incorporation of (3)H-TdR and mixed lymphocyte reaction respectively. IL-12 production in culture supernatant and the levels of Th1/Th2 cytokines such as IL-2, IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-10 in mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) supernatant were examined by ELISA assay. The results showed that DCs cultured in the presence of MPA expressed low levels of CD40, CD80 and CD86, and exhibited weak activity in stimulating the proliferation of allogeneic T cells and antigen presenting function with a concurrent reduction of IL-12 production. Allogeneic T cells stimulated by MPA-treated DC expressed higher levels of Th2 cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-10 but lower levels of Th1 cytokines such as IL-2 and IFN-gamma than those stimulated by DC without MPA treatment. It is concluded that MPA, and hence MMF, exerts a negative effect on the maturation and immunologic functions of DC in culture, and drives a shift of Th1 to Th2 cytokines in MLR.

Effect of Triptolide on TNFalpha-induced activation of NF-kappaB and expression of COX-2 and iNOS in human rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effects of Triptolide (TP) on TNFalpha-induced cell proliferation and expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and their inducing products PGE2, NO in human rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASF).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fibroblasts (RASF) were obtained from synovial tissue of patients with RA and were cultured in vitro. RASF were stimulated with TNFalpha(20 microg/L) in the presence or absence of TP(0 - 100 microg/L) for 20 h. The RASF proliferation was determined by (3)H-TdR incorporation, and the productions of PGE2 and NO in culture supernatants of RASF were detected with competitive ELISA and enzyme reduction of nitrate. Expressions of COX-2 and iNOS mRNA in RASF were analyzed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Expressions of COX-2 and iNOS protein were estimated by Western-blot method and cellular enzyme immunoassay in synovial fibroblasts. NF-kappaB activity in whole-cell extract of RASF was also measured by an ELISA-based method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>TP (>20 microg/L) down-regulated markedly TNFalpha-induced COX-2 and iNOS mRNA and protein expression, and their inducing products PGE2 and NO of synovial fibroblasts. This effect was positively correlated with TP concentrations. NF-kappaB activity in TNFalpha-stimulated synovial cells was suppressed profoundly by TP treatment (IC(50) approximately 35microg/L). The activity of NF-kappaB was correlated with the levels of COX-2 and iNOS expression in TNFalpha-stimulated RASF. No change was observed in proliferation of synovial cells after treatment of TP.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TP could significantly down-regulate TNFalpha-induced COX-2, iNOS expression and production of PGE2, NO in human RASF, which is associated with the suppression of NF-kappaB activity.</p>

Detection and analysis of bcl-1/IgH rearrangement in mantle cell lymphoma / 浙江大学学报·医学版

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the specificity and sensitivity of the PCR technique in the identification of bcl-1/IgH gene rearrangement in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and to characterize the bcl-1/IgH junction DNA sequences. METHODS: A semi-nested PCR method to amplify bcl-1/IgH gene rearrangement in DNA from fresh frozen lymphonode specimen was established. Twenty-eight cases of mantle cell lymphoma were analyzed for the presence of bcl-1/IgH gene rearrangement. The rearrangement products was cloned and sequenced to recognize the junction sequences, the breakpoints in the bcl-1 region, and J(H) gene involved in the rearrangement. RESULTS: A bcl-1/IgH gene rearrangement was detected in 17 out of 28 cases of MCL, while only 9 cases was detected with single step PCR method (X(2)=4.59, P<0.05). The rearrangement product varied in size between 74 to 162 base pairs, and the length of the junction sequences ranged from 6 to 24 base pairs. Ten different bcl-1 breakpoints were clustered within 65 base-pair spans, among which, 5 breakpoints (located at 430, 440, 451, 486 and 492) were never reported by other authors. The most common J(H) gene segments utilized in the translocation were J(H) 4 (8/18), then J(H)5 (3/18), J(H)6 (2/18), J(H)4/5 (2/18). J(H)1 2/18, and J(H)3 (1/18). CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the semi-nested PCR is a specific and sensitive method for the detection of bcl-1/IgH gene rearrangement in mantle cell lymphoma, which has implications for both the diagnosis and clinical management of mantle cell lymphoma. The recognization the potential mechanism of bcl-1/IgH gene rearrangement will help us to know the exact pathogenic machanisms of MCL.

Effects of intrasplenic transplantation of IL-18 gene-modified fetal hepatocytes on mouse immune function / 浙江大学学报·医学版

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of IL-18 gene-modified fetal hepatocytes (AdmIL-18/MNL.CL2) intrasplenic transplantation on mouse immune function. METHODS: Forty mice were evenly divided into 4 groups of 10. Each group received an intrasplenic transplantation one of the following: AdmIL-18/BNL.CL2, Ad-LacZ/BNL.CL2 (virus control), BNL.CL2 (cell control) and PBS (blank control). After two weeks, the mice were sacrificed. Serum cytokine levels, Mpsi and splenic cell culture supernatant and liver tissue extracts supernatants were measured using ELISA. Hepatic cytokines mRNA expression were determined by RT-PCR. THe cytotoxicity of peritoneal Mpsi and NK activity of spienocytes were detected by LDH release assay. The proliferation of splenic lymphocytes was determined by MTT assay. RESULTS: The IL-18, IL-2,IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha levels of serum, Mpsi and splenocyte culture supernatant, liver tissue extracts supernatants in mice transplanted with AdmIL-18/BNL.CL2 were higher and the IL-4, IL-10 levels were lower compared to their levels in other 3 groups. The highest IL-18, IL-2, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and the lowest IL-4, IL-10 mRNA expressions in the liver were observed in mice transplanted with AdmIL-18/BNL.CL2. The mice transplanted with AdmIL-18/BNL.Cl2 showed significantly increases cytotoxicity of Mpsi, NK activity and splenic cell proliferation compared with the other 3 groups. CONCLUSION: AdmIL-18 can be effectively transfected into mice fetal heptocytes which subsequently IL-18. Intransplenic transplantation of IL-18 gene-modified fetal hepatocytes may augment mouse immune function and provide an useful basis for targeted gene therapy of liver disease.